L485 bututun karfe don masana'antar mai
L485 Pipeline Karfe, Yana nufin wani nau'i na karfe tare da buƙatun musamman da ake amfani da su don isar da mai, iskar gas da sauran bututun mai.Dangane da kauri da samuwar na gaba da sauran fannoni, ana iya samar da shi ta hanyar injin birgima mai zafi, injin steckel ko farantin karfe, kuma an kafa shi ta hanyar walda mai karkace ko UOE madaidaiciyar kabu na babban diamita na bututun karfe.
L485 Bututun Karfe, Gabatarwa Zuwa Ga
Hanyoyin sufurin bututu da sufurin jiragen kasa, sufurin manyan tituna, sufurin ruwa da sufurin jiragen sama an jera su a matsayin hanyoyin sufuri na zamani guda biyar.Tun daga asalin bututun masana'antu har zuwa yanzu, aikin bututun mai da iskar gas ya sami ci gaba kusan ƙarni biyu.An fara aikin samar da bututun bututun ne a makare a kasar Sin, kuma ba a samu haqiqanin samar da bututun bututun ba kafin shekarar 1985. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an samu bunkasuwa cikin sauri da bunkasuwa, bunkasuwar bututun mai a kasar Sin.Tare da inganta manyan ayyukan bututun bututun bututun bututun na yamma, bututun iskar gas na yamma-maso-gabas da iskar gas mai layin biyu na yamma-maso gabas, an kammala samarwa da aikace-aikacen bututun bututun na X60, X70 da X80 cikin nasara, kuma sakamakon binciken ya kammala. na X100 da X120 an samu.
L485 Bututun Karfe, Nau'in Nama
L485 Bututun Karfe, Tsarin tsari shine tushen ƙayyadaddun ayyukan sa da amintaccen sabis.A halin yanzu, ana iya raba karafun bututun zuwa kashi huɗu masu zuwa bisa ga ƙananan tsarin su:
1. Ferritic pearlite bututun karfe
The ferritic pearlite bututun karfe ne na asali tsarin na bututun karfe da aka samu kafin 1960s.X52 da bututun ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfin duka duk pearlite ne.Asalin abubuwan da ke cikin sa shine carbon da manganese, kuma abun cikin carbon (jam'i mai yawa, iri ɗaya a ƙasa) shine 0.10% zuwa 0.20%, kuma abun cikin manganese shine 1.30% zuwa 1.70%.Gabaɗaya yi amfani da yin birgima mai zafi ko samar da tsari mai zafi.Lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarfi mafi girma, iyakar abin da ke cikin carbon yana da kyawawa, ko kuma an ƙara niobium da vanadium zuwa tsarin manganese.Ferritic pearlite bututun karafa ana ɗauka gabaɗaya suna da ferrite polygonal tare da girman hatsi na kusan 7μm da pearlite tare da juzu'in ƙarar kusan 30%.Common ferritic pearlite bututun karfe ne 5LB, X42, X52, X60, X60 da X70.
2. Acicular ferrite bututun karfe
Binciken bututun mai acicular ferritic karfe ya fara a ƙarshen 1960s kuma an sanya shi cikin samar da masana'antu a farkon 1970s.A wannan lokacin, tsarin manganese - niobium wanda ya dogara da E ya haifar da ƙananan carbon.A cikin mn-Mo-Nb microalloy bututun karfe, ƙari na molybdenum na iya rage yawan zafin jiki na canzawa don hana haɓakar polygonal ferrite, inganta canjin acicular ferrite, da haɓaka tasirin haɓakar hazo na carbon da niobium nitride, don ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfe. da rage tauri da gaggautsa zafin jiki.Wannan fasahar hada-hadar molybdenum ta kasance tana samarwa kusan shekaru 40.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wani fasahar zafin jiki don samun acicular ferrite yana fitowa.Yana iya samun acicular ferrite a mafi girman zafin jiki na mirgina ta amfani da fasaha mai girman niobium alloying.Na kowa acicular ferrite bututun karfe su ne X70 da X80.
3. Bainite - martensite bututun karfe
Tare da haɓaka babban matsin lamba da manyan bututun iskar gas na bututun ƙarfe da kuma neman rage farashin ginin bututun, tsarin acicular ferrite ba zai iya biyan buƙatun ba.A ƙarshen karni na 20, wani nau'in bututun ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ya fito.Makin ƙarfe na yau da kullun shine X100 da X120.Kamfanin SMI na kasar Japan ya fara bayar da rahoton X100 a shekarar 1988. Bayan shekaru na bincike da ci gaba, an fara shimfida bututun na X100 a sashen gwajin injiniya a shekarar 2002. ExxonMobil ta Amurka ta fara gudanar da bincike kan karfen bututun mai na X120 a shekarar 1993, kuma a shekarar 1993. 1996, ta haɗu da SMI da NSC na Japan don haɓaka aikin bincike na X120 tare.A cikin 2004, an shimfiɗa karfe X120 a karon farko a sashin matukin bututun.
A cikin ƙirar ƙirar bainite-martensitic bututun ƙarfe, an zaɓi mafi kyawun haɗin carbon - manganese - jan ƙarfe - nickel - molybdenum - niobium - vanadium - titanium - boron.Zane na wannan gami yana yin cikakken amfani da mahimman halayen boron a cikin juzu'in canjin lokaci.Bugu da kari na burbushin boron (ωB=0.0005% ~ 0.003%) na iya a fili hana nucleation na ferrite a kan iyakar hatsi austenite kuma ya sanya ferrite lankwasa matsawa zuwa dama a fili.Ko da a ultra-low carbon (ωC=0.003%), da Bainite miƙa mulki kwana an lallasa ta ragewan karshe sanyaya zafin jiki (& LT; 300 ℃) da kuma inganta sanyaya kudi (> 20 ℃ / s), ƙananan bainite da lath martensite tsarin kuma za a iya samu.Bainite-martensite na yau da kullun (B --M) bututun bututu sune X100 da X120.
4. Mai zafin sophorite bututun karfe
Tare da ci gaban al'umma, ana buƙatar ƙarfe bututun don samun ƙarfi da ƙarfi.Idan sarrafawar mirgina da fasahar sanyaya ba za ta iya biyan irin waɗannan buƙatun ba, ana iya ɗaukar tsarin kula da zafin jiki na m quenching da tempering don saduwa da cikakkun buƙatun bango mai kauri, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da isasshen ƙarfi ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sorbitite mai zafi.A cikin bututun karfe, wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in) wanda aka fi sani da martensite aka sani da shi, wani nau’i ne na tsari na ultra-high ƙarfi bututun karfe X120.
Haɗin Sinadari
L245 bututun ƙarfe, dabarar lissafin nauyi: [(diamita na waje - kauri na bango)* kauri bango] * 0.02466 = kg / m (nauyin kowace mita)
| Haɗin sinadarai (ƙasasshen taro)…/% | daidai da carbon (CEV) | |||||||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Nb | V | Ti | Cr | Ni | Cu | N | Mo | B | Als | ||||
| kasa ko daidai |
| kasa ko daidai | ||||||||||||||||
| Q345 | A | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.035 | 0.035 |
|
|
| 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.012 | 0.1 |
|
| 0.45 | |
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||
| C | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.2 |
| 0.015 | |||||||||||
| D | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.025 |
| ||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.02 |
| |||||||||||||||
| Q390 | A | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.015 | 0.1 |
|
| 0.46 | |
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 |
|
| ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
| D | 0.03 | 0.025 |
| |||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.02 |
| |||||||||||||||
| Q420 | A | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.07 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.015 | 0.2 |
|
| 0.48 | |
| B | 0.035 | 0.035 |
| 0.015 | ||||||||||||||
| C | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| |||||||||||||||
| D | 0.03 | 0.025 |
| |||||||||||||||
| E | 25 | 0.02 |
| |||||||||||||||
| Q450 | C | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.015 | 0.2 | 0.005 | 0.015 | 0.53 | |
| D | 0.03 | 0.025 | ||||||||||||||||
| E | 0.025 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||||
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